How do you open/set up an existing netCDF file so that you can append data to it?
When you open/set up the netCDF file
(for instance, using the constructor for the NetCDFFile class 
in module Scientific.IO.NetCDF), you specify 
'a' instead of 'w',
which tells Python you will append to the existing file.
Then, instead of specifying the length of the 
unlimited axis (usually the time axis), set the length
to None.
Remember you can only have one unlimited axis at a time.
Note: Thanks to Helene Brogniez for the tip!